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CIVIL JURY INSTRUCTIONS

 

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TOPICS

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DETAILED BOOKMARKS

ADMIRALTY - (Jones Act) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5400
Basis of Action  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5401
Jones Act - Negligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5402
Jones Act - Employer's Duty to Seaman. . . . . . . 5403
Responsibility for Acts of Employees . . . . . . . 5404
Unseaworthiness  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5405
Seaman's Suit - Normal Hazards . . . . . . . . . . 5406
Causation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5407
Proximate Cause - Jones Act - Unseaworthiness. . . 5408
Responsibility for Acts of Employees . . . . . . . 5409
Jones Act - Comparative Negligence . . . . . . . . 5410
Unsafe Means to Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5411
Plaintiff's Negligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5412
Unit of Time Argument**  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5413
Negligence - Industry Custom . . . . . . . . . . . 5414
Negligence - Further Instructions. . . . . . . . . 5415
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ANTITRUST   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4000
Claims of the Parties   . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4201
Statute Involved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4202
Monopoly Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4203
Monopolization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4204
Attempt to Monopolize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4205
 "Specific Intent" - Definition . . . . . . . . . .4206
Conspiracy to Monopolize  . . . . . . . . . . . . .4207
Market Share  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4208
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ASBESTOS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5900
Claims of the Parties  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5911
"Negligence" - Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5912
"Prosimate Cause" - Definition . . . . . . . . . . 5913
"Proximate Cause" - Death. . . . . . . . . . . . 5913.1
"Substantial Factor" - Definition. . . . . . . . . 5914
Comparative Negligence (Smoking) . . . . . . . . . 5915
Comparative Negligence (Lung Cancer) . . . . . . 5915.1
Comparative Negligence (Death) . . . . . . . . . 5915.2
Other Causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5917
Other Causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5917.1
Intervening Cause. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5918
Proximate Cause & Intervening Cause-Application. . 5919
State of the Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5921
"Injury" - Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5922
Probability Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5923
Claims of the Parties - Strict Liability . . . . . 5941
Strict Product Liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5942
Essential Elements of Plaintiff's Claim -
          Defect in Manufacture - Death. . . . . . 5943
Essential Elements of Plaintiff's Claim -
          Defect in Manufacture - Injury . . . . 5943.1
"Proximate Cause" - Definition . . . . . . . . . . 5944
"Unreasonably Dangerous" - Definition. . . . . . . 5945
Unavoidably Unsafe Products. . . . . . . . . . . . 5946
"Unavoidably Unsafe" - Definition  . . . . . . . 5946.1
Duty to Give Adequate Warning  . . . . . . . . . . 5947
Discharge of Duty to Warn. . . . . . . . . . . . 5947.1
Manufacturer's Duty to Warn  . . . . . . . . . . 5947.2
State of the Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5948
Assumption of Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5949
Comparative Negligence-Strict Product Liability. . 5950
Compliance with Governmental Standard. . . . . . . 5951
Claims of the Parties-Statute of Limitations . . . 5981
Statute of Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5982
Compensatory Damages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5991
Loss of Earnings - Past  . . . . . . . . . . . . 5991.1
Loss of Earnings - Future. . . . . . . . . . . . 5991.2
Pain and Suffering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5991.3
Medical Expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5991.4
Compensatory Damages-Two or More Defendants** . 5991.10
Loss of Consortium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5992
Life Expectancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5993
Damages must have been Proximately Caused  . . . . 5994
Present Worth of Award . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5995
Income Taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5996
Nominal Damages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5997
Damages - No Implication . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5998
Fear of Cancer may not be Considered.. . . . . . . 5999
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ASSAULT AND BATTERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7050's
Claims of the Parties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7050
Assault and Battery - Definition . . . . . . . . . 7051
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AUTO NEGLIGENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5200
Claims of the Parties  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5200
Ordinary Care  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5201
Speed and Assured Clear Distance . . . . . . . . . 5202
Speed & Assured Clear Distance -
          Pltf visible object**  . . . . . . . . 5202.1
Speed & Assured Clear Distance -
          Not Applicable - Sudden Emergency**  . 5202.2
Duty to Look . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5203
Forseeability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5204
Sudden Emergency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5205
Sudden Emergency - Pltf decedent** . . . . . . . 5205.1
Intoxication   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5206
Intoxication - Pltf decedent** . . . . . . . . . 5206.1
Right of Way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5207
Right of Way Entering Highway. . . . . . . . . . . 5208
ight of Way - Failure to Yield . . . . . . . . . . 5209
Right of Way - Stop Sign . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5210
Right of Way - Through Street. . . . . . . . . . . 5211
Right of Way - Left Turn . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5212
Statutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5213
Vehicle Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5214
Red and Green Signal Lights. . . . . . . . . . . . 5215
Turns at Intersections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5216
Speed  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5217
Driving Left of Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5218
Negligence of Parent Not Impute to Child . . . . 5287.1
Click here to go to damages generally
Click here to go to pi damages generally
Click here to go to mental stress damages
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BANKRUPTCY  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6700
Claims of the Parties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6701
Alleged Bankrupt's Claim . . . . . . . . . . . . 6701.1
"Insolvency" - Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6702
"Transferred" - Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . 6703
Involuntary Petition - Who May File. . . . . . . . 6704
Acts of Bankruptcy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6705
Preference of Creditor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6706
Involuntary Bankruptcy - Adjudication. . . . . . . 6707
Burden of Proof. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6708
Issues of Determination  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6709
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BUSINESS ENTITY   . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7100's
Claims Based upon Setting Aside Corporate Entity  7101
Corporation as Legal Entity. . . . . . . . . . . .7102
Personal Liability for Corporate Debts . . . . . .7103
Control and Domination - Definitions . . . . . . .7104
Corporate Acts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7105
Claims Based upon Partnership Liability. . . . . .7141
"Partnership" - Definition . . . . . . . . . . . .7142
Non Binding Acts of Partner. . . . . . . . . . . .7143
Admissions of Partner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7144
Knowledge of Partnership . . . . . . . . . . . . .7145
Liability of Partnership . . . . . . . . . . . . .7146
Partners Breach of Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . .7147
Liability of Partners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7148
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CARE TO CHILD   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7010's
Care For Safety of Child . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7011
Child Under Seven. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7012
Measure of Care by Child . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7013
Violation of Statute by Child. . . . . . . . . . . 7014
Negligence of Parent Not Imputed . . . . . . . . . 7015
Action by Parent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7016
Care to be Exercised in Backing Vehicle. . . . . . 7017
Unavoidable Accident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7018
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CIVIL RIGHTS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5800
CIVIL RIGHTS-ARREST 
Claims of the Parties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5801
Statute Involved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5802
Statute Involved - Fourth Amendment. . . . . . . 5802.1
Essential Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5803
"Under Color of State Law" - Definition  . . . . . 5804
Lawful Authority of Defendant  . . . . . . . . . . 5805
Lawful Authority of a Police Officer . . . . . . 5805.1
Plaintiff's Legal Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5806
Liability of Defendant** . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5807
"Liberty" and "Due Process of Law" . . . . . . . . 5808
"Probable Cause" - Definition (Arrest) . . . . . . 5809
"Probable Cause" - Definition (Seizure). . . . . 5809.1
Consent to Search. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5810
Exigent Circumstances - Definition . . . . . . . . 5811
Fresh Pursuit - Definition . . . . . . . . . . . 5811.1
Reasonable Force - Definition. . . . . . . . . . . 5812
Seizure of Objects in Plain View . . . . . . . . . 5813
Liability of Plaintiff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5815
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CIVIL RIGHTS-PUBLIC EMPLOYEES
Claims of the Parties  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5821
Statue Involved  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5822
Right to Express Political Opinion . . . . . . . 5822.1
Statute Involved - Fourteenth Amendment . . . . 5822.14
Essential Elements** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5823
Allocation of Proof  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5824
Allocation of Proof - Political Belief . . . . . 5824.1
Lawful Authority of Defendant. . . . . . . . . . . 5825
Lawful Authority of Trustees . . . . . . . . . . 5825.1
Lawful Authority of Board of Education . . . . . 5825.2
"Malice" - Definition  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5826
Good Faith Immunity**  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5827
Due Process Hearing  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5828
"Motivating" and "Substantial" - Definitions . . . 5829
"Tenure" - Definition  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5830
Faculty Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5831
First Amendment Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5832
Constructive Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5833
Question Presented.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5838
Cautionary Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5839
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CIVIL RIGHTS-PRISONER
Claims of the Parties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5841
Statute Involved - Eighth Amendment. . . . . . . . 5842
Statute Involved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5842.1
Constitutional Rights of Prisoners . . . . . . . . 5843
Rights of Prison Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . 5844
"Cruel and Unusual Punishment" - Definition. . . . 5845
"Cruel and Unusual Punishment" - Definition. . . 5845.1
Negligent Conduct Alone is Not Enough  . . . . . . 5846
Negligent Conduct Alone is Not Enough. . . . . . 5846.1
Liability of Supervisory Officer . . . . . . . . . 5847
Liability of Local Government. . . . . . . . . . 5847.1
Limitations of 42 U.S.C. § 1983. . . . . . . . . . 5848
"Conspiracy" - Definition  . . . . . . . . . . . . 5849
Right of Defendant to Use Reasonable Force . . . . 5850
"Reasonable Force" - Definition. . . . . . . . . . 5851
Previous Discipline  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5852
Obligation to Provide Medical Care . . . . . . . . 5853
Obligation to Provide Medical Care . . . . . . . 5853.1
Deliberate Indifference Required . . . . . . . . . 5854
"Negligence", "Deliberate" and
          "Indifference" - Definitions . . . . . . 5855
Rights of Censorship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5857
Limits of Censorship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5858
Prisoner Right to Privacy. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5870
Deprivation of Personal Property . . . . . . . . . 5871
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CIVIL RIGHTS-DUE PROCESS
Claims of the Parties  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5881
Nature of Due Process  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5882
"Property Interest" - Definition . . . . . . . . . 5883
"Liberty Interest" - Definition. . . . . . . . . . 5884
Due Process Hearing  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5885
Predetermination Hearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5886
Questions Presented  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5887
Liability of Hamilton County . . . . . . . . . . . 5888
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CIVIL TAX LIABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9000
 
CONTRACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5600
CONTRACTS-DEFINITIONS 
Claims of the Parties  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5600
Contract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5601
Repudiation – Definition** . . . . . . . . . . . . 5602
Consideration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5603
Breach of Contract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5604
Joint Venture  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5605
Workmanlike Manner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5606
Cover  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5607
Liability for Subcontractor. . . . . . . . . . . . 5608
Claims of the Parties - Warranties . . . . . . . . 5609
Warranties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5610
Express Warranties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5610.1
Implied Warranties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5610.2
Warranty - "To Best of Knowledge"  . . . . . . . 5610.3
Implied Warranty of "Merchantability" . . . . . 5610.31
Implied Warranty of Fitness for a
          Particular Purpose (Contract)  . . . . 5610.4
Implied Warranty of Fitness for a
          Particular Purpose (Seller) . . . . . 5610.41
Limitation of Warranties . . . . . . . . . . . . 5610.5
Third Party Beneficiary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5611
Good Cause – Definition**. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5615
Debtor in Possession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5616
Broker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5618
Question Presented . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5619
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CONTRACTS-AGENCY
Agency" - Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5620
Principal and Agent Relationship . . . . . . . . . 5621
Corporate Principal**  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5622
Duty of Agent to Insurance Company . . . . . . . 5622.1
Agency - Business Broker . . . . . . . . . . . . 5622.2
Agent - Use of Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5622.3
Independent Contractor** . . . . . . . . . . . . 5622.4
Ratification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5623
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CONTRACTS-BREACH
Material Failure of Other Party  . . . . . . . . . 5626
Substantial Performance  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5627
Substantial Performance - Plaintiff. . . . . . . 5627.1
Substantial Performance - Defendant. . . . . . . 5627.2
Waiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5628
Click here to go to damages generally
Click here to go to contract damages
Click here to go to warranty damages
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CONTRACTS-DEFENSES
Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5631
Failure of Notice  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5631.1
Settlement Agreement and General Release . . . . . 5632
Plaintiff's Burden of Proof on the Issue of
          Validity of Release. . . . . . . . . . 5632.1
Return of Consideration  . . . . . . . . . . . . 5632.2
Limitations**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5633
Ambiguous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5633.1
Coercion** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5633.2
Duress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5633.3
Estoppel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5633.4
Modification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5633.5
Waiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5633.6
Waiver by Modification . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5633.7
Mutual Mistake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5634
Unilateral Mistake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5635
"Force Majeure" Clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5636
"Force Majeure" Burden . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5636.1
Recission of Repudiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5637
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CONTRACTS-MISCELLANEOUS
Parole Evidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5641
Exceptions to Parole Evidence Rule . . . . . . . 5641.1
Exceptions to Parole Evidence
          Rule - Court Instruction . . . . . . . 5641.2
Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5642
Language – Ambiguous** . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5642.1
Intention of the Parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5643
Additional Terms in Acceptance or Confirmation . . 5644
Implied Contract to Prevent Unjust Enrichment. . . 5645
Replacement - Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5646
Malicious or Tortious Interference with Contract . 5647
Agreement to Agree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5648
Jury Function - Cautionary Instruction** . . . . . 5649
Jury Function – Determinations** . . . . . . . . 5649.1
Jury Function - Contract Construction**. . . . . 5649.2
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CONTRACTS-STATUTORY VIOLATIONS
Claims of the Parties  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5650
Magnuson Moss Warranty Act . . . . . . . . . . . . 5651
Truth in Lending Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5652
Truth in Lending Act - Defenses  . . . . . . . . 5652.1
Ohio Consumer Practices Act. . . . . . . . . . . . 5653
Unfair or Deceptive Acts . . . . . . . . . . . . 5653.1
Unconscionable Acts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5653.2
Personal Liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5653.3
No Intent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5653.4
Defenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5653.5
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CONTRACTS-ORAL
Claims of the Parties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5655
Oral Contract – Definition** . . . . . . . . . . . 5656
Essential Elements** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5657
Oral Contract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5658
Oral Contract-Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . 5658.1
Oral Contract-Employment-Discharge  . . . . . . 5658.10
Oral Contract-Employment-Evidence . . . . . . . 5658.11
Oral Contract-Employment-Promissory Estoppel. . 5658.12
Oral Contract-Employment-Promissory Estoppel. . 5658.13
Oral Contract - Sale of Goods***  . . . . . . .  5658.2
Oral Contract - Sale of Goods or Services . . . 5658.20
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CONTRACTS-LIFE INSURANCE
Claims of the Parties  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5660
Duty of Insurance Company  . . . . . . . . . . . . 5661
Duty of Insurance Company - Tort Liability
          for Breach of Good Faith . . . . . . . . 5662
"Bad Faith" - Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5663
Ambiguity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5664
Life Insurance Agent - Authority . . . . . . . . . 5665
The Insurance Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5666
"Total Disability" - Definition. . . . . . . . . . 5667
"Accident" - Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5668
Distinction between "Accident and Suicide" . . . 5668.1
Lifetime Accident Rider. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5669
Total Disability due to Accident . . . . . . . . . 5670
Total Disability due to Sickness . . . . . . . . 5670.1
Preexisting Condition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5671
Required Provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5673
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CONTRACTS-FIRE INSURANCE
Claims of the Parties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5680
The Insurance Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5681
Shift in Burden of Proof . . . . . . . . . . . . 5681.1
Proof of Loss  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5682
Arson - Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5683
False Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5684
Policy Limits  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5685
Inventory  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5686
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CONTRACTS-REAL ESTATE
ontract regarding Real Estate must be in writing . 5690
"Latent Defects" - Definition  . . . . . . . . . . 5691
Seller duty of Disclosure - Purchaser
          duty of Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . 5692
Click here to go to real estate damages
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CONTRACTS-NOT TO COMPETE
Agreement not to Compete . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5695
Agreement not to Compete - Limitations . . . . . . 5696
Agreement not to Compete - Reasonableness. . . . . 5697
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DAMAGES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5030
DAMAGES-GENERAL
Compensatory Damages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5031.1
Statutory Damages - Ohio Consumer
Sales Practices Act        . . . . . . . . . . . 5031.5
Treble Damages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5031.6
Punitive Damages - Plaintiff Class . . . . . . . 5032.2
Punitive Damages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5032.3
Damages Must Have Been Proximately Caused  . . . . 5033
Damages Must Have Been Proximately Caused-Any. . 5033.1
Damages - Duty to Mitigate   . . . . . . . . . . 5033.2
Nominal Damages - Plaintiff  . . . . . . . . . . . 5034
Nominal Damages - Party  . . . . . . . . . . . . 5034.1
Present Worth of Award . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5035
Income Taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5036
Change in Value of Money . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5037
Compromise and Settlement of Claims. . . . . . . . 5038
Indemnification or Contribution for Settlement . 5038.1
Damages - No Implication . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5039
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DAMAGES-PERSONAL INJURY
Compensatory Damages - Personal Injury . . . . . . 5040
Loss of Earnings - Past (Other Medical). . . . . 5040.1
Loss of Earnings - Past . . . . . . . . . . . . 5040.10
Loss of Earnings - Future    . . . . . . . . . . 5040.2
Medical Expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5040.30
Pain and Suffering - Plaintiff . . . . . . . . . 5040.4
Pain and Suffering - Plaintiff Decendent  . . . 5040.40
Damages - Pre-Existing Condition   . . . . . . . . 5041
Medical Expenses of Minor    . . . . . . . . . . . 5042
Loss of Consortium   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5043
Life Expectancy    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5044
Duty to Mitigate Damages   . . . . . . . . . . . . 5045
Damages Award May Be Reduced
         by Plaintiff Contributory Negligence. . . 5046
Punitive Damages   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5047
"Reasonable Medical Probability of
         Future Susceptibility   . . . . . . . . . 5048
Damages - Negligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5049
Jury Questions - Asbestos  . . . . . . . . . . . . 5050
Determination of Legal Responsibility. . . . . . . 5051
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DAMAGES-REAL ESTATE
Damages    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5052
Real Estate Fraud - Damages  . . . . . . . . . . 5052.1
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DAMAGES-MALPRACTICE
Malpractice - Attorney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5053
DAMAGES-LIBEL 
Compensatory Damages - Libel . . . . . . . . . . . 5054
Attorney Fees - Libel  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5054.1
Punitive Damages - Libel . . . . . . . . . . . . 5054.2
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DAMAGES-RICO
Damages - RICO   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5055
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DAMAGES-FIDUCIARY DUTY
Damages - Breach of Fiduciary Duties   . . . . . . 5056
Damages - Breach of Fiduciary Duties . . . . . . 5056.1
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DAMAGES-PRODUCT LIABILITY
Product Liability - Damages    . . . . . . . . . . 5057
Punitive Damages - Product Liability   . . . . . 5057.1
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DAMAGES-FELA
Duty to Mitigate Damages - FELA  . . . . . . . . 5057.2
DAMAGES-MENTAL STRESS
Damages - Intentional Infliction of
          Mental Suffering . . . . . . . . . . . . 5058
"Serious Emotional Distress" - Definition  . . . 5058.1
"Extreme and Outrageous Conduct" - Definition. . 5058.2
Damages - Intentional Infliction of
          Mental Suffering (Short Version) . . . 5058.3
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DAMAGES-INVASION OF PRIVACY
Invasion of Privacy - Damages    . . . . . . . . . 5059
DAMAGES-UNFAIR COMPETITION
Damages    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5060
Damages - Reasonable - Not Speculative   . . . . . 5061
Proximate Cause    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5062
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DAMAGES-BREACH OF WARRANTY
Breach of Warranty - Damages   . . . . . . . . . . 5065
Incidental Damages   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5066
Consequential Damages    . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5067
Interest   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5068
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DAMAGES-BREACH OF CONTRACT
Damages    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5070
Damages - Breach of Contract . . . . . . . . . . . 5071
Damages - Breach of Construction Contract  . . . 5071.1
Damages - Agent - Commission . . . . . . . . . . 5071.2
Damages - Consequential. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5072
Compensatory Damages for Unjust Enrichment . . . . 5073
Damages - Breach of Agency Contract  . . . . . . 5074.2
Damages - Breach of Duty of Good Faith . . . . . 5074.4
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 DAMAGES-SECURITIES
Measure of Damages - Securities Law Violation  . . 5075
Statutory Damages - Ohio Consumer
          Sales Practices Act (Same as 5031.5) . . 5076
Securities Fraud - Damages . . . . . . . . . . . 5076.1
Securities Violation - Damages  . . . . . . . . 5076.11
Violation of Federal Securities Laws - Damages. 5076.12
Violation of State Securities Laws - Damages . . 5076.2
Damages - Violation of State Securities
           Law - Fraud . . . . . . . . . . . . .5076.41
Violation of Federal Securities Laws - Damages . . 5077
"Fair Value" - Definition  . . . . . . . . . . . . 5078
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 DAMAGES-FRAUD
Damages - Fraud  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5080
Fraud - Punitive Damages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5081
Real Estate Fraud - Damages  . . . . . . . . . . . 5082
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 DAMAGES-DISCRIMINATION
Damages - Employment Discrimination  . . . . . . . 5085
Damages - Age Discrimination . . . . . . . . . . . 5086
Damages - Sex Discrimination . . . . . . . . . . . 5087
Damages - Religious Discrimination . . . . . . . . 5088
Duty to Mitigate Damages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5089
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 DAMAGES-CIVIL RIGHTS
Damages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5089.1 
Punitive Damages - Civil Rights. . . . . . . . . . 5090
Damages - Housing Discrimination . . . . . . . . . 5091
Damages - Violation of Constitutional Rights . . . 5092
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 DAMAGES-WRONGFUL DEATH
Wrongful Death - Compensatory Damages  . . . . . . 5095
No Punitive Damages  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5096
Funeral Expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5097
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DISCRIMINATION  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6900
AGE 
Introduction - Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6900
Claims of the Parties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6901
Statute Involved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6902
Statute Involved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6902.1
Statute Involved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6902.2
"Discrimination" - Definition. . . . . . . . . . . 6903
Obligations of Proof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6904
No Automatic Presumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6905
Bona Fide Business Reason  . . . . . . . . . . . . 6906
Corporate Reduction in Force . . . . . . . . . . 6906.2
Willful Violation of the Act . . . . . . . . . . . 6907
Evidence of Other Terminations . . . . . . . . . . 6908
Use of Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6909
Seniority System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6910
Prima Facie Case – Definition**. . . . . . . . . . 6911
"Pretext" - Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6912
McCarran Act** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6913
Burden of Proof under Bona Fide
          Occupational Qualifications (BFOQ) . . . 6914
Reliance on Age in BFOQ  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6915
Safety Risks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6916
FAA "Age 60 Rule". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6917
"Determining Factor" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6918
Question Presented . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6919
Question Presented . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6919.1
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RELIGION 
Claims of the Parties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6921
Statute Involved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6922
Essential Elements of Plaintiff's Claims . . . . . 6923
Obligation of Proof**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6923.1
Defense of Employer - Good Faith . . . . . . . . . 6924
"Discrimination" - Definition. . . . . . . . . . . 6925
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SEX
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6930
Claims of the Parties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6931
Statutes Involved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6932
Persons Involved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6933
Essential Elements of Proof. . . . . . . . . . . 6933.1
Obligation of Proof**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6934
Discrimination – Definition**  . . . . . . . . . 6935.1
"Tenure", Tenure Track" and
          "Discrimination" - Definitions . . . . 6935.2
No Automatic Right to Tenure . . . . . . . . . . . 6936
Prevention of Sexual Harassment. . . . . . . . . . 6937
Question Presented . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6939
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RACE
Claims of the Parties  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6941
Statute Involved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6942
Statute Involved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6942.2
Statute Involved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6942.3
Ultimate Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6943
Essential Elements of Plaintiff's Claim. . . . . . 6944
Essential Elements - Retaliation . . . . . . . . 6944.1
"Discrimination" - Definition. . . . . . . . . . . 6945
Proof of Intent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6946
Lawful Authority of Board of Education . . . . . . 6947
Liability of Employer for Acts of Employees. . . . 6948
Statute of Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6949
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HOUSING
Claims of the Parties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6981
Statute Involved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6982
Statute Involved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6982.1
Essential Elements of Plaintiff's Claim. . . . . . 6983
Rights and Obligations of Property Owner . . . . 6983.1
Rights and Obligations of Landlord . . . . . . . 6983.2
Essential Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6984
Question Presented . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6989
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EMPLOYEE INJURY    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7800's
Claims of the Parties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7801
Liability for Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7802
"Intentional Tort" - Definition. . . . . . . . . .7803
"Substantially Certain" - Definition . . . . . . .7804
Negligence Alone not Sufficient. . . . . . . . . .7805
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FALSE CLAIMS ACT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7000's
Claims of the Parties  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7001
The Statute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7002
Essential Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7003
"Knowing" and "Knowingly" - Definitions. . . . . . 7004
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FAIR LABOR STANDARDS   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7400's
Claims of the Parties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7401
The Statutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7402
Executive Employee Exempted. . . . . . . . . . . .7403
"Willful" - Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7404
Workweek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7405
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FAIR REPRESENTATION (Union)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7200's
Duty to Membership  -  7201-7220
Claims of the Parties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7201
Duty of Union. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7202
Duty of Union. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7202.1
Grievance Proceeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7203
Union's Duty in Negotiation. . . . . . . . . . . .7204
Damages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7205
Reasonable Attorney Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . .7206
"Arbitrary", "Discrimination" and
          "Bad Faith" - Definitions. . . . . . . .7207
Membership Rights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7208
Standard of Proof. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7209
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INTIMIDATION OF MEMBERSHIP  -  7221-7230
Claims of the Parties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7221
Reprisal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7222
Responsibility of Union. . . . . . . . . . . . . .7223
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F.E.L.A.  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5300
Claims of the Parties  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5301
The Statute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5302
"Negligence & Ordinary Care" - Definition. . . . . 5303
Essential Elements of Plaintiff's Claim. . . . . . 5304
Inference from fact of Accident Alone. . . . . . . 5305
Duty imposed by FELA** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5306
Duty of Employer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5307
Employee does not Assume Risk of Negligence
          by Employer or Fellow Employee . . . . 5308.1
"Assumption of Risk" & "Contributory
          Negligence" - Definition** . . . . . . . 5309
"Proximate Cause" - Definition . . . . . . . . . . 5310
Cause - Explained  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5310.1
There may be more than One Proximate Cause . . . . 5311
Corporation Can Only Act Through Agents. . . . . . 5312
Defendant's Claim of "Contributory Negligence" . . 5313
Contributory Negligence - Duty of Employee . . . . 5314
Contributory Negligence not a Bar but
          Diminishes Recovery. . . . . . . . . . . 5315
Independent Contractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5316
Non-Delegable Duty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5317
Effect of Release - Determined by Federal Law**  . 5318
Knowledge of Defect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5319
Medical Testimony  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5320
Matters to be Disregarded. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5330
Damages - Mitigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5340
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FIDUCIARIES  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7600's
Claims of the Parties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7600
"Fiduciary" - Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . .7601
Fiduciary - Standard of Care** . . . . . . . . . .7602
Fiduciary - Duty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7602.1
Fiduciary - Duty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7602.2
Fiduciary - Not an Insurer. . . . . . . . . . . 7603.1
Breach of Fiduciary Duty - Clear
          and Convincing Proof . . . . . . . . . .7604
No Fiduciary Duty to Creditors . . . . . . . . . .7605
Corporate Liability for Directors Acts . . . . . .7606
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FRAUD & DECEIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6600
FRAUD UNDER OHIO LAW: 6600 - 6629
Claims of the Parties - Fraud. . . . . . . . . . . 6601
Fraud in Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6602
Present Intention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6602.1
Fraud Not Presumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6603
Fraud or Misrepresentation Not Presumed**. . . . 6603.1
Justifiable Reliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6604
False or Fraudulent Statement. . . . . . . . . . . 6605
Intent to Deceive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6606
Intent to Deceive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6606.2
Intentional Omission of a Material Fact. . . . . . 6607
"Recklessly" - Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6608
"Material Representation" - Definition . . . . . . 6609
Deliberate Ignorance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6611
Defense to Fraud - Statute of Limitation . . . . . 6612
"Aiding and Abetting Fraud" - Definition . . . . . 6613
Liability of Principal for Fraud of Agent. . . . . 6614
Clear and Convincing Proof . . . . . . . . . . . . 6615
Liability of Director or
          Officer of a Corporation . . . . . . . . 6616
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 FRAUDULENT CONVEYANCE OF REAL ESTATE: 6630 - 6649
Transfer by Debtor without Consideration . . . . . 6631
"Fair Consideration" - Definition  . . . . . . . . 6632
Intent to Defraud  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6633
"Latent Defect" - Definition . . . . . . . . . . . 6634
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CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT FRAUD: 6650 - 6659
Claims of the Parties - Conspiracy . . . . . . . . 6651
"Conspiracy" - Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6652